JTS Melee Calculations

[BigDuke66]

It's complicated at best, all is in the manual but you have to put it together to understand.

The modifiers usually mean that there is a bonus/malus. 20/0 means that one side gets 20% bonus while the other nothing.
To fully understand you must realize that some modifier modify the manpower directly, that can be seen when the combat report talks about X men Y men effectively. Other modifiers are then applied onto that already modified manpower value.

As for the casualties. There is a Low Combat Value and a High Combat Value, casualties are randomly determined between them. You can get more average result if using the Optional Rule "Optional Fire Results" and "Optional Melee Result".